इ.स. 1871 पासून इंग्रजांनी प्रत्येक दहा वर्षाने जनगणना घेण्यास सुरू केली कारण त्यांना खालीलपैकी कोणती माहिती मिळणार होती ?
(a) लोकांचा धर्म
(b) लोकांची जात
(c) लोकांचा व्यवसाय
(d) लोकांचे दारिद्र्य

The correct answer is Option C ((a), (b) and (c) only).

Key Points:
• The modern decennial census in colonial India began non-synchronously between 1871–1872 under Lord Mayo and synchronously from 1881 under Lord Ripon:
• Census Objectives and Data Collected:
• Religion: Categorization and numerical distribution of religious communities.
• Caste and Tribe: Extensive anthropological and hierarchical classification of jatis and varnas (strengthened under H. H. Risley).
• Occupation: Demographic mapping of employment, agrarian labor, artisanal trades, and workforce distribution.
• Exclusion of Poverty: Colonial censuses were structural, demographic, and ethnographic surveys; they did not measure or assess economic 'poverty lines' (poverty was documented separately in famine inquiry commissions or individual treatises like Dadabhai Naoroji's).
• The colonial census was an instrument of knowledge and demographic control.
• Key Takeaway: Colonial decennial censuses collected data on religion, caste, and occupation, but not poverty.