जागतिक सहकार चळवळ ज्या तत्वांवर आधारित आहे, त्यात खालीलपैकी कोणते तत्व लागू होत नाही ?
(1) ऐच्छिक व खुले सभासदत्व
(2) सभासदांचे केंद्रीभूत नियंत्रण
(3) स्वायत्तता व स्वतंत्रता
(4) सहकारी संस्थांमधील सहकार्य

The correct answer is Option B (Centralized control by members).

Key Points:
• The international cooperative movement operates on internationally recognized cooperative principles established by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA).
• Democratic control by members (not centralized control) is a core principle, meaning cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members who actively participate in setting policies.
• Valid principles include:
• 1. Voluntary and open membership (Option 1)
• 2. Democratic member control
• 3. Member economic participation
• 4. Autonomy and independence (Option 3)
• 5. Education, training, and information
• 6. Cooperation among cooperatives (Option 4)
• 7. Concern for community
• Therefore, 'Centralized control' is contrary to democratic cooperative principles, making option (2) the correct answer.
• Key Takeaway: Cooperatives operate on democratic member control, not centralized control.