खालीलपैकी ह्या जीवाणूस समुद्रातील तेल विघटन करणारा 'सुपरबग' म्हणतात.

The correct answer is Option B (Pseudomonas species).

Key Points:
• Environmental Biotechnology: The Superbug for Oil Spills:
• In 1971, Indian-American geneticist Dr. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty engineered the first patented genetically engineered organism at General Electric.
• Microbial Details:
• Known colloquially as the 'Superbug', this organism is a genetically modified strain of *Pseudomonas putida*.
• Dr. Chakrabarty transferred four hydrocarbon-degrading plasmids (CAM, OCT, XYL, NAH) into a single *Pseudomonas* bacterium, enabling it to digest aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic chains present in crude petroleum oil spills rapidly.
• It was awarded the first patent for a living modified organism by the US Supreme Court (*Diamond v. Chakrabarty*, 1980).
• Final Answer Key Match:
• Option 2 (*Pseudomonas* species) is confirmed as the correct answer.
• Key Takeaway: Pseudomonas putida is the genetically engineered 'superbug' created by Dr. Ananda Chakrabarty to degrade crude oil spills.