लघुउद्योगाला खालीलपैकी कोणत्या समस्यांना सामोरे जावे लागते ? (a) कालबाह्य यंत्रसामग्री (b) कार्यक्षम व्यवस्थापन (c) अपूरे वित्त (d) स्पर्धेचा अभाव

The correct answer is Option D ((a) and (c)).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (4) (a) and (c).
• Problems Faced by Small Scale Industries (SSIs/MSMEs):
• (a) Outdated technology: Small units often lack financial capital to upgrade machinery, leading to obsolete production processes. (True problem)
• (b) Efficient management: Efficient management is an asset, not a problem (inefficient or lack of professional management is the actual problem).
• (c) Lack of finance: Scarcity of working capital and term loans from formal banking channels is a major bottleneck. (True problem)
• (d) Lack of competition: Incorrect, because small industries actually face intense competition from large-scale domestic enterprises and cheap imports under globalization.
• Analysis: Thus, only statements (a) and (c) represent genuine obstacles faced by the small-scale sector.
• Exam Insight: Credit availability and technological upgradation funds (like CLTU) are key policy tools introduced to mitigate SSI problems.
• Key Takeaway: Outdated technology and lack of finance are genuine problems faced by small-scale industries.