बहुतांश राज्यांमध्ये, पंचायत राज संस्थांवरील राज्यांचे पर्यवेक्षण आणि नियंत्रणाची वैशिष्ट्ये काय आहेत ?
(a) कर्तव्यात कसूर करणाऱ्या पंचायतीवरील कार्यवाहीची (अधिकार) शक्ती
(b) अहवाल मागविण्याची (अधिकार) शक्ती
(c) प्रवेश आणि तपासणीचा अधिकार
(d) पंचायतीची बरखास्ती
पर्यायी उत्तरे :

The correct answer is Option D ((a), (b), (c) and (d)).

Key Points:
• Mechanisms of State Supervision and Control over PRIs:
• State Control Tools: Panchayati Raj is a State subject (Entry 5, List II). Across state statutes (such as the Maharashtra ZP & PS Act, 1961 and Village Panchayats Act, 1959), state governments maintain structural oversight:
• Default Powers: Taking action against defaulting Panchayats or suspending unlawful resolutions -> (a)
• Calling for Records: Power to requisition proceedings, meeting minutes, accounts, and reports -> (b)
• Inspection: Right of authorized district officers/Divisional Commissioners of entry and on-site physical inspection of records and works -> (c)
• Dissolution: Power to dissolve or supersede a Panchayat for persistent incompetence, abuse of power, or default under Article 243E -> (d)
• All four are standard statutory features of state supervision and administrative control.
• Option (4) is the correct answer according to the official key.
• Key Takeaway: State supervision over PRIs encompasses inspection, calling for records, acting against defaults, and dissolving bodies for non-performance.