ग्राहक संरक्षण कायद्यांतर्गत न्यायालयाने खालीलपैकी कोणत्या व्यक्तीला ग्राहक ठरवलेले नाही ?
(a) रेल्वेने प्रवास करणारा प्रवासी
(b) पैसे ठेवलेला ठेवीदार
(c) एमटीएनएल आणि बीएसएनएलचा वर्गणीदार
(d) जीवन-विमाधारकाने नामनिर्देशित केलेली व्यक्ती.
योग्य पर्याय निवडा.

The correct answer is Option D (All are Consumers).

Key Points:
• Definition of Consumer under Consumer Protection Act (Judicial Precedents):
• Railway Passenger (a): Held to be a consumer paying consideration for railway transport services (*Union of India v. Nathmal Hansaria*).
• Bank Depositor (b): A depositor is a consumer availing banking services for consideration (*Neela Vasant Bahal v. Syndicate Bank*).
• Telecom Subscriber (c): A telephone subscriber paying tariff to MTNL/BSNL is a consumer availing telecommunication services.
• LIC Nominee/Beneficiary (d): Under Section 2(1)(d)(ii), consumer includes any beneficiary of services hired with the approval of the hirer/insured; the National Commission and Supreme Court have held that a nominee under an LIC policy is a consumer entitled to file a consumer complaint.
• Therefore, all four categories are legally held to be consumers.
• Option (4) 'All are Consumers' is the correct answer according to the official key.
• Key Takeaway: Courts recognize railway passengers, bank depositors, telecom subscribers, and insurance nominees as valid consumers.