खालील विधाने पहा.
(a) माल्थसच्या मते लोकसंख्या व अन्नधान्याचे उत्पादन दोन्ही वाढतात.
(b) माल्थसच्या मते लोकसंख्येची वाढ भौमितिक श्रेणीने व अन्नधान्य उत्पादन गणिती श्रेणीने होते.
(c) माल्थसच्या मते लोकसंख्येची वाढ गणिती श्रेणीने व अन्नधान्य उत्पादन भौमितिक श्रेणीने होते.

The correct answer is Option C (statements (a) and (b) are correct.).

Key Points:
• Thomas Robert Malthus's Population Theory:
• In his classic treatise 'An Essay on the Principle of Population' (1798), Thomas Robert Malthus put forward a fundamental demographic model:
• 1. Statement (a) is TRUE: Malthus acknowledged that over time, both human population and agricultural food production exhibit growth.
• 2. Statement (b) is TRUE: He stated that unchecked population increases in a Geometric Ratio / Progression (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64...), doubling roughly every 25 years. In contrast, food supply increases only in an Arithmetic / Mathematical Progression (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6...) due to the operation of the law of diminishing returns in agriculture.
• 3. Statement (c) is FALSE: It reverses the actual Malthusian relationship.
• Thus, statements (a) and (b) are correct (Option 3).
• Key Takeaway: Malthus established that population grows geometrically while food production grows arithmetically, causing food deficits.