बायोरेमेडियेशन प्रक्रिये द्वारा ________ सारखी घातक प्रदुषके निसर्गातुन संपूर्णतः काढता येतात.
(1) अल्फा टॉक्सिन्स
(2) पॉलिएस्टरस्
(3) पॉलि अॅरोमॅटिक हायड्रोकार्बन्स
(4) पॉलिएथिलिन

The correct answer is Option C (Poly aromatic hydrocarbons).

Key Points:
• Core Concept
• Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) to break down, metabolize, and mineralize environmental xenobiotic pollutants into non-toxic end products like CO₂ and H₂O.
• Why Correct
• Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hazardous environmental pollutants originating from petroleum, coal, and oil spills.
• Microbes such as *Pseudomonas putida*, *Sphingomonas*, and *Mycobacterium* possess ring-hydroxylating oxygenase enzymes that digest aromatic benzene rings, completely degrading PAHs in contaminated soil and marine environments.
• Key Details
• Anand Mohan Chakrabarty engineered the oil-eating superbug bacterium *Pseudomonas putida* specifically for degrading hydrocarbons.
• Exam Traps
• Polyethylene and polyesters are highly recalcitrant synthetic polymers with crystalline backbones that resist natural biodegradation, making complete bioremediation biologically impossible at standard rates.
• Other Options
• Polyesters (Option 2) and Polyethylene (Option 4) represent synthetic plastics.
• Alpha toxins (Option 1) are biological toxins, not environmental xenobiotic hydrocarbons.
• Key Takeaway: Hazardous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be degraded and cleaned from the environment through microbial bioremediation.