भारतातील पायाभूत सुविधा विकासाचे वैशिष्ट्य म्हणजे (a) पायाभूत सुविधांचा प्रामुख्याने शहरी भागांना पुरवठा (b) ग्रामीण पायाभूत सुविधांचा अपुरा विकास (c) श्रीमंत आणि सधन वर्गाला झुकते माप गाळलेली जागा भरा.

The correct answer is Option D (All of the above).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (4) All of the above.
• Characteristics and Disparities in Indian Infrastructure Development:
• (a) Urban Bias: Infrastructure investments (metro rail, flyovers, 24x7 power/water) have historically concentrated on urban centers. (True characteristic)
• (b) Inadequate Rural Infrastructure: Rural areas suffer from deficient warehousing, poor rural roads, erratic power supply, and inadequate irrigation networks. (True characteristic)
• (c) Bias in favor of rich/affluent: High-end infrastructural services (expressways, aviation, high-speed telecom) disproportionately benefit affluent corporate and urban classes compared to basic subsistence needs. (True characteristic)
• Analysis: All three points describe systemic socio-economic imbalances in India's developmental planning.
• Exam Insight: Inclusive growth frameworks emphasize bridging these urban-rural and class infrastructural divides.
• Key Takeaway: Indian infrastructure expansion is characterized by urban bias, inadequate rural development, and bias toward affluent classes.