नागरीकरणामुळे नागरी क्षेत्रात घडून येणारे बदल आहेत -
(a) जनसांख्यिकीय बदल
(b) समाज संरचनेत बदल
(c) व्यवहारिक बदल

The correct answer is Option D (All of the above).

Key Points:
• Multi-dimensional Impacts of Urbanization:
• (a) Demographic Changes: Rapid rural-to-urban migration, significant increase in population density, changes in sex ratio, age-sex pyramid restructuring, and declining birth rates.
• (b) Change in Social Structure: Breakdown of rigid traditional caste systems, transition from joint family structures to nuclear families, enhanced female participation in the workforce, and increased social stratification based on economic class.
• (c) Behavioural Changes: Rise of cosmopolitan attitudes, individualism, formal/contractual interpersonal relations (secondary associations replacing primary kinship bonds), and modern consumer lifestyles.
• Because urbanization induces changes across demographic, socio-structural, and behavioural/cultural spheres, 'All of the above' is correct (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: Urbanization drives comprehensive demographic, socio-structural, and behavioural transformations in urban populations.