खालील विधाने विचारात घ्या. (a) जवाहरलाल नेहरु राष्ट्रीय शहरी सुधारणा अभियान 3 डिसेंबर, 2005 रोजी सुरू झाले. (b) अभियानाअंतर्गत शहरातील पायाभूत सेवांच्या एकात्मक विकासावर भर देण्यात आला. (c) शहरी आणि ग्रामीण पायाभूत सुविधा सुधारणा कार्यक्रमाची अंमलबजावणी करणे हे या अभियानात स्वीकारले. वरीलपैकी कोणते/तो विधान/ने सत्य आहे/त ?

The correct answer is Option C ((a) and (b)).

Key Points:
• Correct Option Evaluation: The correct answer is option (3) (a) and (b).
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM):
• Statement (a): JNNURM was officially launched on December 3, 2005, by the Government of India to modernize urban infrastructure and governance. (Correct)
• Statement (b): The mission focused heavily on the integrated development of urban infrastructure services, basic services to the urban poor (BSUP), and efficient civic amenities in selected cities. (Correct)
• Statement (c): JNNURM was exclusively an urban infrastructure and renewal mission; it did not cover rural infrastructure improvement programs (which were handled separately under Bharat Nirman or PMGSY). Hence, statement (c) is incorrect.
• Exam Insight: JNNURM marked a major paradigm shift in financing urban reforms through public-private partnerships and institutional accountability.
• Key Takeaway: Statements (a) and (b) regarding JNNURM's launch in Dec 2005 and focus on urban infrastructure are correct.