खालील वैशिष्ट्ये कोणत्या वस्ती प्रारूपाची आहेत?

(a) रस्ते परस्परांना समांतर असतात.
(b) रस्ते परस्परांना काटकोनात छेदतात.
(c) घरे रांगेत असतात.​
(d) वस्तीमधील महामार्ग किंवा रेल्वे परस्परांना ओलांडतात.

The correct answer is Chess board pattern.

Key Points

• Rural Settlement Patterns reflect the way the houses are sited in relation to each other.
• The site of the village, the surrounding topography and terrain influence the shape and size of a village.
• Rural settlements may be classified on the basis of a number of criteria:
• On the basis of setting: The main types are plain villages, plateau villages, coastal villages, forest villages and desert villages.
• On the basis of functions: There may be farming villages, fishermen’s villages, lumberjack villages, pastoral villages etc.
• On the basis of forms or shapes of the settlements: These may be a number of geometrical forms and shapes such as Linear, rectangular, circular star-like, T-shaped village, double village, cross-shaped village etc.
• Chess board pattern: When semi nucleated eventually becomes nucleated, the transition phase gives rise to the checkerboard type of settlement. In this type of settlement, the transport networks are developed so that they form a grid over the landscape.
• There are junction points at the transportation link crossings where the settlements are developed.
• Linear pattern: In such settlements houses are located along a road, railway line, river, canal edge of a valley or along a levee.
• Rectangular pattern: Such patterns of rural settlements are found in plain areas or wide intermontane valleys.
• ​The roads are rectangular and cut each other at right angles.
• Circular pattern: Circular villages develop around lakes, tanks and sometimes the village is planned in such a way that the central part remains open and is used for keeping the animals to protect them from wild animals.
• Star-like pattern: Where several roads converge, star-shaped settlements develop by the houses built along the roads.
• T-shaped, Y-shaped, Cross-shaped or cruciform settlements: T -shaped settlements develop at tri-junctions of the roads, while Y-shaped settlements emerge as the places where two roads converge on the third one and houses are built along these roads.
• Cruciform settlements develop on the crossroads and houses extend in all four directions.
• Double village: These settlements extend on both sides of a river where there is a bridge or a ferry.