पाणलोट विकास कार्यक्रमाचे मुख्य घटक म्हणजे.
(a) माती व पाणी संवर्धन
(b) पाणी संकलन (जल पुनर्भरण)
(c) पीक व्यवस्थापन
(d) पर्यायी जमीन वापर पद्धती

The correct answer is Option D (All of these).

Key Points:
• Integrated Watershed Management Framework:
• A Watershed Development Programme is an integrated natural resource management approach covering ridge to valley. Core components:
• 1. (a) Soil and Water Conservation: Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT), loose boulder bunds, contour bunding, gully plugs, and check dams to halt soil erosion and encourage groundwater recharge.
• 2. (b) Water Harvesting (जल संकलन): Construction of farm ponds, percolation tanks, nala bunds, and check dams to store excess runoff for supplemental protective irrigation.
• 3. (c) Crop Management: Introduction of intercropping, drought-resistant crops, integrated nutrient and pest management (INM/IPM), and precision micro-irrigation.
• 4. (d) Alternate Land Use Systems: Agro-forestry, agri-horticulture, silvi-pasture, and wasteland development to maximize economic returns according to land capability classification.
• All four are core pillars of watershed management (Option 4).
• Key Takeaway: Watershed development integrates soil-water conservation, rainwater harvesting, improved crop management, and alternate agro-forestry systems.